1. Sparrow Bird
2. The sparrows are a family of small passerine birds, Passeridae. They are also known as true sparrows, or Old World sparrows, names also used for a genus of the family Passer.
3. SHORT NOTES

1. Scientific name: Passeridae
2. Speed: 45.5 km/h on average (House sparrow, Adult, Flying)
3. Rank: Family
4. Wingspan: 21 cm (Eurasian Tree Sparrow, Adult)
5. Lifespan: 15.75 y on average (House sparrow, In Wild), 3 y (Eurasian Tree Sparrow)
6. Mass: 0.024 kg (Eurasian Tree Sparrow, Adult), more
7. Lower classifications: Carpospiza, Philetairus, HisturgopsSpeed
   

The house sparrow is one of the most widely distributed sparrow species in the world.  Keith

Sparrows are some of the most familiar and most common birds in the world, but what makes sparrows unique? Knowing what makes a sparrow a sparrow can help birders identify these birds more easily and better appreciate their place in the world's avifauna.

Types of Sparrows

The term "sparrow" covers a wide range of relatively small, mostly drab brown birds, which birders often call "LBJs" or "little brown jobs" because they can be notoriously difficult to identify. While many of them include the word "sparrow" in their common names, other types of sparrows include buntings, towhees and juncos, and in fact, there are dozens of different sparrow species throughout the world – more than 50 in North America alone. Understanding how these small birds are related and what similarities they share is helpful for understanding their uniqueness in the avian world.

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Sparrow Geography

Sparrows can be found on every continent except Antarctica, and they are generally divided into two principle families.

• Old World Sparrows: These sparrows are actually types of weaver finches in the family Passeridae, and they are widespread in Europe, Asia and Africa. One of the most common sparrows – the house sparrow – is an Old World sparrow and has been introduced widely around the world, so much so that in many places it is considered an invasive species.
  
  
• New World Sparrows: These sparrows are common in North and South America and belong to the family Emberizidae. There are dozens of sparrow species in this family, all with subtle differences in appearance, habitat and range.

In both of these bird families, sparrows have evolved a wide range of species to fill different ecological niches. Sparrows can be found in nearly every habitat, from deserts and arid grasslands to marshes, forests and even urban areas. Because of this diversity, understanding sparrows is essential for serious birders.

Sparrow Physiology

Like all types of birds, sparrows have certain physical characteristics that help define them as a group. They are all passerine birds – songbirds – and share traits such as:

• Size: The majority of sparrow species are relatively small, with sizes ranging from 4-8 inches in length, though 5-7 inches is the most common range.
  
  
• Plumage: These birds are called LBJs for a reason, and most sparrows have brown mottled plumage that serves as superior camouflage. They often have several distinct markings on the head, however, including stripes or bold colors that stand out from their bland bodies.
  
  
• Bill: A sparrow's bill is relatively short and thick with a conical shape. This is perfect for cracking the seeds that are these birds' primary food source.

Sparrow Behavior

Because sparrows all share relatively bland plumage and physical characteristics, it is their behavior that is often more distinctive than their appearances. Behavioral traits common to sparrows include:

• Flocking: Like most songbirds, sparrows are solitary or found only in pairs or family groups in the spring and summer, but in autumn and winter they will form mixed flocks of different sparrow species. Birders can take advantage of this behavior by scanning complete flocks in the field to see if there are any unusual species joining more familiar birds.
  
  
• Foraging: While foraging, sparrows feed primarily on the ground or low in trees or shrubby cover. They will often glean through leaf litter for seeds and insects, and many sparrow species will hop to scratch with both feet while feeding.
  
  
• Diet: Sparrows are principally seed eaters, though they also consume a fair amount of insects, particularly during the spring and summer when the protein from insects is essential for growing hatchlings. In the backyard, sparrows are fairly undiscriminating and will eat black oil sunflower seeds, millet, cracked corn, milo, bread scraps and a range of other foods.
  
  
• Flight Pattern: Sparrows are fast, agile fliers that use a series of rapid wing beats followed by a brief glide with folded wings to create an undulating flight pattern. As flocking birds, they may be easily startled and may fly between a food source and shelter frequently while feeding. 

 INFORMATION COLLECTED 
                                                BY AADHYA

Links for sparrow games

THESE ARE ALL THE LINKS WHICH WE HAVE SEARCHED FROM INTERNET. THESE GAMES ARE ALL INTERESTING TO PLAY.

                                                           


        HERE YOU GO WITH ALL THE LINKS :

•   www.giantsparrow.com/games/swan/
• www.giantsparrow .com/games/swan/
• www.giantsparrow.com/games/

                                                        

                                                             Sparrow Facts

Sparrow is a species of birds that can be easily recognized because it lives very close to humans. This small bird originates from North Africa, but it has been successfully introduced to North America, Europe, Asia, Australia and New Zealand. Sparrow, unlike many other birds, cannot be found in forests and deserts. It prefers life close to human settlements, including both urban and rural areas. Number of sparrows decreased dramatically in the last couple of years for unknown reason. Three quarters of sparrows disappeared from the London between 1994 and 2000. Due to fast decline in number of sparrows, this bird is listed as threatened (nearly endangered).

Interesting Sparrow Facts:
Sparrow is a very small bird. It can reach 4 to 8 inches in length and 0.8 to 1.4 ounces in weight.
Sparrow has stout body, covered with brown, black and white feathers. Its wings are rounded.
Males and females can be distinguished by the feather coloration: males have reddish backs and black bib, while females have brown backs with stripes.
Sparrows are very social and they live in colonies called flocks.
Sparrows are carnivores (meat-eaters) by nature, but they have changed their eating habits when they learned to live close to people. Sparrows primarily eat moths and other small insects, but they can also eat seed, berries and fruit.
One of the reasons why sparrows adapted to the life in human settlements is constant supply of food. Sparrows easily learned to eat "served food" when people started to build bird feeders.
Sparrows usually fly at the speed of 24 miles per hour. When needed (in the case of danger), they can accelerate to the speed of 31 miles per hour.
Although sparrows do not belong to the group of water birds, they can swim very fast to escape from the predators.
Main predators of sparrows are dogs, cats, foxes and snakes. Young and inexperienced birds are the main target and easy meal for these carnivores.
Sparrows are not territorial animals, but they will aggressively protect their nest from other sparrows.
Sparrows usually build nest under the roofs, under bridges and in tree hollows.
Male is responsible for building of the nest. During construction, male will try to attract female. She can help in further building if she is interested in mating.
Sparrows are allegedly monogamous. Recent genetic analysis showed that only small percent of eggs contains DNA of both parents (in other words: both male and female are prone to infidelity).
Sparrows have several broods each year. Female lays 3 to 5 eggs. Incubation period lasts 12 to 15 days. Both parents take care of the eggs and chicks. Young birds are ready to leave the nest 15 days after birth.
Sparrows can survive between 4 and 5 years in the wild.

 THIS IS A VIDEO LINK  OF SPARROWS FED BY  HUMANS AND SPARROW'S CHIRPING SOUND 


          https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=jMEXx49JUVo

Lets start saving sparrow

Tips to save sparrows

It is our duty to save this small, lovable, beautiful and harmless bird for environment and for ourselves. Don't do bigger things. Only by doing smaller things you can give your support to save this bird and to save our environment. Some important tips to save sparrows:

• Arrangement should be made for the availability of food grains and water for sparrows.
• Try to minimize pollution as much as possible.
• Minimize the use of your cell phone. If possible, use anti radiation cover to protect yourselves and to protect environment.
• Wisely use insecticides and pesticides. Over use of these substances are harmful in many ways.
• Use high quality of fuel in your vehicle and maintain you vehicle to minimize the pollution.
• You can use a simple apparatus shown in figure to provide food and water for the sparrows. These apparatus were distributed by Burhani foundation India last year on World Sparrow Day (20th March) all over the world to inspired the people to save sparrows.

      

Reasons of declining 

                          

The numbers of sparrows are declining. Some important reasons of declining are as follows:

Loss of habitat : Due to modern technology old spacious buildings have been changed to the shapes where sparrow do not find their habitat. It is the most important reason of decline of population.

Lack of feed : The old Kirana shops have been converted in to malls or big bazaar. In this type of bazaar and malls all the items are found in packets. So sparrows do not find their food grains which were available in old Kinra Shops.

Electro Magnetic Radiation : The electro magnetic radiations released from our mobile phone is also a major cause of decline the numbers of sparrows.

Modern Agriculture : modern agriculture is also a important reason of decline the numbers of sparrows. In modern agriculture insecticide and pesticides are widely used which adversely affect the birds directly and indirectly. When sparrows eat this types of fruits this affects in the formation of egg's shell. The numbers of insects decrease due to insecticides whose larvae are food of sparrows.

Pollution : Pollution is the most important reasons of declining the numbers of sparrows. Different types of pollution like water pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution, etc adversely affect sparrows.

Loss of tree cover : The deforestation is also a reason of decline of sparrows population. We are constructing modern buildings, malls, big bazaar, industries etc by destroying forest and plants.

Urbanization and Unplanned development : Urbanization and unplanned development are also the most important causes of decline of sparrows population.





  

Habitat and Food

Sparrows are generally associates with human beings. Sparrows are found in the places where human are densely populated. Sparrows eat food grains like wheat, oat etc and larvae of mosquitoes and insects.


   

Importance of Sparrow

Brings prosperity: Sparrows bring prosperity for us. We like to watch this small and lovable bird. Our children always want to observe this bird and always sing songs related to this bird to entertain themselves.

The some major importance of sparrow are :

Ecological Balance : Every animal and plants in this world has its significance. The sparrow is a member of many food chain and food web. So as you know if you harm any food chain it will affect complete food web. So if you will not save sparrow it will disturb ecological balance.

Pollination in many plants: Sparrow helps in pollination in many plants. Pollination is a process by which the pollen grain of one flower reaches to stigma of other flower in sexual reproduction. So Sparrow helps in sexual reproduction in plants.

Reduce many diseases : Sparrow eats larvae of many insects and mosquitoes which causes many diseases like malaria, dengue etc. So sparrows protect us from many diseases which are life threatened.